Printing Services of University Services at Northwestern University

Reproduction of copyrighted materials, without prior permission of the copyright owner, is an issue of concern for the academic community. Unfortunately, the impropriety of much unauthorized copying is all too often overlooked by users in an educational setting.

Although the copying of all or part of a work without obtaining permission may appear to be an easy and convenient solution to an immediate problem, such unauthorized copying can frequently violate the rights of the author and/or publisher of the copyrighted work, and can be directly contrary to the academic mission to teach respect for ideas, and for intellectual property which expresses those ideas.

It is recommended that written approval from the holder of the copyright be submitted when published and copyrighted materials are sent to Printing Services for reproduction.

Without understanding the copyright law, including elements such as the doctrine of "fair use" and its application and limitation in the education setting, Northwestern University faculty members, printing operations, copy centers, and others will be at risk for engaging in illegal photocopying.

Definitions

Poems - A complete poem, if less than 250 words, and if printed on not more than two pages; an excerpt of not more than 250 words from a larger poem.

Prose - Either a complete article, or a story or essay of less than 2,500 words; an excerpt from any prose work of not more than 1,000 words or 10% of the work, whichever is less, but, in any event, a minimum of 500 words (may be expanded to permit the completion of an unfinished prose paragraph).

Illustration - One chart, graph, diagram, cartoon or picture per book or per
periodical issue.

"Special" works - Certain works in poetry, prose, or in "poetic prose" (which often combine language with illustration, and which are intended sometimes for children and, at other times, for a more general audience) fall short of 2,500 words in their entirety. Such special works may not be reproduced in their entirety; however, an excerpt comprising not more than two of the published pages of such work, and containing not more than 10% of the words found in the text
thereof, may be reproduced.

Spontaneity - The copying is at the instance and inspiration of the individual professor, and the inspiration and decision to use the work, and the moment of its use for maximum teaching effectiveness, are so close in time that it would be unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a request for permission.

Cumulative Effect - The copying of the material is for only one course in the school in which the copies are given; not more than one short poem, article, story, essay or two excerpts may be copied from the same author, nor more than three from the same collective work or periodical volume during one class term; there shall not be more than nine instances of such multiple copying for one course during one class term.

The limitations stated above shall not apply to current news periodicals and newspaper, concurrent news sections of other periodicals.

Prohibitions

Not withstanding any of the above, the following shall be prohibited: Copying shall not be used to create, or to replace or substitute for anthologies, complications or collective works. Such replacement or substitution may not occur, whether copies of various works or excerpts there from are accumulated, or reproduced and used separately. There shall be no copying of or from works intended to be consumable in the course of study or of teaching. These include workbooks, exercises, standardized tests, test booklets and answer sheets, and like consumable material.

Copying shall not:

substitute for the purchase of books, publishers' reprints or periodicals,
be directed by higher authority;
be repeated with respect to the same item by the same professor from term-to-term.

Single Copying for Faculty Members

A single copy may be made of any of the following, by or for a faculty member at his or her individual request, for his or her scholarly research or use in teaching or preparing to teach a class:

A chapter from a book
An article from a periodical or newspaper
A short story, short essay, or short poem, whether or not from a collective source
A chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon or picture from a book, periodical, or newspaper

Multiple Copies for Classroom Use

Multiple copies (not to exceed, in any event, more than one copy per student in a course) may be made by or for the professor giving the course for classroom use or discussion, provided that:

The copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity as defined below
The copying meets the cumulative effect test as defined below
Each copy includes a notice of copyright


Home>Printing & Duplicating Services>Copyright Guidelines
Products & Services Customer Service Placing an Order Confidentiality Copyright Guidelines Billing Contact		Copyright Guidelines Reproduction of copyrighted materials, without prior permission of the copyright owner, is an issue of concern for the academic community. Unfortunately, the impropriety of much unauthorized copying is all too often overlooked by users in an educational setting. Although the copying of all or part of a work without obtaining permission may appear to be an easy and convenient solution to an immediate problem, such unauthorized copying can frequently violate the rights of the author and/or publisher of the copyrighted work, and can be directly contrary to the academic mission to teach respect for ideas, and for intellectual property which expresses those ideas. It is recommended that written approval from the holder of the copyright be submitted when published and copyrighted materials are sent to Printing Services for reproduction. Without understanding the copyright law, including elements such as the doctrine of "fair use" and its application and limitation in the education setting, Northwestern University faculty members, printing operations, copy centers, and others will be at risk for engaging in illegal photocopying. Definitions \| Prohibitions \| Single Copying for Faculty Members \| Multiple Copies for Classroom Use Definitions Poems - A complete poem, if less than 250 words, and if printed on not more than two pages; an excerpt of not more than 250 words from a larger poem. Prose - Either a complete article, or a story or essay of less than 2,500 words; an excerpt from any prose work of not more than 1,000 words or 10% of the work, whichever is less, but, in any event, a minimum of 500 words (may be expanded to permit the completion of an unfinished prose paragraph). Illustration - One chart, graph, diagram, cartoon or picture per book or per periodical issue. "Special" works - Certain works in poetry, prose, or in "poetic prose" (which often combine language with illustration, and which are intended sometimes for children and, at other times, for a more general audience) fall short of 2,500 words in their entirety. Such special works may not be reproduced in their entirety; however, an excerpt comprising not more than two of the published pages of such work, and containing not more than 10% of the words found in the text thereof, may be reproduced. Spontaneity - The copying is at the instance and inspiration of the individual professor, and the inspiration and decision to use the work, and the moment of its use for maximum teaching effectiveness, are so close in time that it would be unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a request for permission. Cumulative Effect - The copying of the material is for only one course in the school in which the copies are given; not more than one short poem, article, story, essay or two excerpts may be copied from the same author, nor more than three from the same collective work or periodical volume during one class term; there shall not be more than nine instances of such multiple copying for one course during one class term. The limitations stated above shall not apply to current news periodicals and newspaper, concurrent news sections of other periodicals. back to top Prohibitions Not withstanding any of the above, the following shall be prohibited: Copying shall not be used to create, or to replace or substitute for anthologies, complications or collective works. Such replacement or substitution may not occur, whether copies of various works or excerpts there from are accumulated, or reproduced and used separately. There shall be no copying of or from works intended to be consumable in the course of study or of teaching. These include workbooks, exercises, standardized tests, test booklets and answer sheets, and like consumable material. Copying shall not: substitute for the purchase of books, publishers' reprints or periodicals, be directed by higher authority; be repeated with respect to the same item by the same professor from term-to-term. back to top Single Copying for Faculty Members A single copy may be made of any of the following, by or for a faculty member at his or her individual request, for his or her scholarly research or use in teaching or preparing to teach a class: A chapter from a book An article from a periodical or newspaper A short story, short essay, or short poem, whether or not from a collective source A chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon or picture from a book, periodical, or newspaper back to top Multiple Copies for Classroom Use Multiple copies (not to exceed, in any event, more than one copy per student in a course) may be made by or for the professor giving the course for classroom use or discussion, provided that: The copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity as defined below The copying meets the cumulative effect test as defined below Each copy includes a notice of copyright back to top
Northwestern University • University Services • Printing & Duplicating Services University Services • 2020 Ridge Avenue, 2nd Floor • Evanston, IL 60208-4303 Phone: 847-491-7569 • Fax: 847-491-3849 • E-mail: univsvcs@northwestern.edu Last Revision: 05/14/2007 © 2005 Northwestern University. World Wide Web Disclaimer and University Policy Statements.

Copyright Guidelines

Definitions

Prohibitions

Single Copying for Faculty Members

Multiple Copies for Classroom Use